For the most part, raising an adopted child is no different from raising a biological child. There are a few differences, particularly when it comes to communicating with your child and allowing your child to establish his or her identity as an individual and as someone who was adopted.

Newborns

During the first several years of a child's life, attachment with his or her parents is the most important issue. For adopted newborns, the relationship with their parents is not much different than a biological baby's would be. Most babies develop an attachment to their adoptive parents just as they would have to their biological parents.

The differences between biological and adopted newborns are usually not with the newborns, but with the adoptive parents’ feelings and behaviors. When dealing with ordinary issues all parents of newborns face, such as colic and fussiness, adoptive parents sometimes worry their instincts aren't right or that they would know what to do if they were the biological parents. They also might wonder if their baby is experiencing adoption-related attachment issues. It's important for parents who adopt newborns to understand the normal developmental milestones and stages all babies go through. Parenting a child from birth to about the age of three is essentially the same no matter how the child joins the family.

Talking to Your Child About Adoption

Children understand adoption differently as they grow. Most children aren’t able to grasp the concept until around age five or six. If they’re prepared before this point, they won’t be as shocked when they finally do understand.

Talk about adoption openly from the very beginning. Read stories about adoption to introduce the concept. Share your child’s adoption story with him or her often. Keep a positive attitude and your child will always have a positive and healthy association with adoption.

As they grow up, your child will have lots of thoughts and questions about adoption and their biological parents. Be prepared for these questions and answer them honestly. Talk openly with your child about his or her feelings, especially with any feelings of loss or difference. It is important to not feel threatened or get defensive about what your child is feeling. This is just part of growing up and understanding what it means to be adopted.

Growing Up and Becoming Independent

Children face many different developmental stages along the way to adulthood. In the preschool years, adopted children begin to understand how adoption happens. During the elementary school years, adopted children explore why adoption happens. In adolescence, adopted children determine how adoption has shaped their lives in specific ways. As teenagers, adopted children learn to become independent.

As adopted teenagers discover their own sense of identity and develop the strength to move away from their families, a strong sense of attachment will help them become more independent. The strength of the bond with their parents is the foundation of their ability to move forward in their lives knowing there is a safe and secure place to return to.

Adoptive parents sometimes feel resistant when their child expresses a need for independence. This kind of resistance only makes the need to break free more critical, and it can lead to parent-teenager conflicts. During this time, adoptive parents need to stay strong and take comfort knowing that what has made them a family all along — the quality of their relationship and the security and attachment they have built — will withstand separation.